Correction to: The unique features of Typhoon Rai (2021): an observational study (Natural Hazards, (2025), 121, 7, (8279-8303), 10.1007/s11069-025-07138-x)

Document Type

Editorial

Publication Date

2025

Abstract

In this article the below corrections have been made: The affiliation details for Author ‘Faye Abigail T. Cruz’ were incorrectly given as ‘Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines ' but should have been ‘Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University Campus, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines’. Under the Introduction section the following sentence was incorrectly given as “The TC made its last landfall in the Philippines on December 17, and continued to recurve northwards along the SCS, as shown in Fig.” But should have been. “The TC made its last landfall in the Philippines on December 17, and continued to recurve northwards along the South China Sea (SCS), as shown in Fig. 1b.” Under the Fig. 1, caption the following sentence was incorrectly given as “b SSTa (from 1986 to 2005 baseline)”. But should have been. “b SST anomaly (SSTa) (from 1986 to 2005 baseline)“. Under the Data and methodology section, second paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “The naming of the TC positions used in this study were based on Chien and Kuo (2011)”. But should have been The naming of the TC positions used in this study was based on Chien and Kuo (2011). Under the Data and methodology section, third paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “the WMO-IBTRaCS dataset from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo.” But should have been the WMO-IBTrACS dataset from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo. Under the Data and methodology section, third paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “the WMO-IBTRaCS dataset from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo.” But should have been the WMO-IBTrACS dataset from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo. Under the Data and methodology section, Eq. 2 was incorrectly given as “24hr” but should have been “24 h”. Under the Speed, intensity, and direction of movement section, 5th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “yet no linear relationship cannot be established”. But should have been yet no linear relationship can be established. Under the Speed, intensity, and direction of movement section, 6th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Fig. 3 shows the frequency distributions of the 160 TCs per year from 1979 to 2020”. But should have been. “Fig. 3 shows the frequency distributions of the 160 TCs from 1979 to 2020”. Under the Speed, intensity, and direction of movement section, 10th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “TC RAI’s speed continued to increase until peaking at LF + 6 at around 13.1 kts (Fig. 5c).” But should have been. “TC RAI’s speed continued to increase until peaking at LF + 6 at around 18 kts (Fig. 5c).” Under the Speed, intensity, and direction of movement section, 11th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “The significant changes in direction of the track of RAI (2021)”. But should have been The insignificant changes in direction of the track of RAI (2021). Under Table 2 the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Monthly ocean heat content (OHC) Anomaly, accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), and Landfalling dissipation rate (LFDR) of the 7 Composite TCs and TC RAI”. But should have been Monthly ocean heat content (OHC) Anomaly, accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), and Landfalling dissipation rate (LFDR) of 7 Composite TCs, HAIYAN and RAI. Under Table 2, caption the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Blue (red) years indicate La Niña (El Niño) years”. But should have been. “Years in blue indicate La Niña years”. Under the Speed, intensity, and direction of movement section, 14th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Based on the findings above, there are five notable features of TC RAI when compared to landfalling TCs in the Islands of Siargao-Dinagat Islands.” But should have been. “Based on the findings above, there are five notable features of TC RAI when compared to landfalling TCs in the Siargao-Dinagat Islands.” Under the Analysis of environmental factors section, second paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Based on the findings above, there are five notable features of TC RAI when compared to landfalling TCs in the Islands of Siargao-Dinagat Islands.” But should have been. “Based on the findings above, there are five notable features of TC RAI when compared to landfalling TCs in the Siargao-Dinagat Islands.” Under the Analysis of environmental factors section, 3rd paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “TS to VTY TC within 42 h Table 2”. But should have been. “TS to VTY TC within 42 h. Table 2”. Under the Analysis relative to the composite TCs section, 3rd paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “a rich mid-level Figs. 14c, e, and g RH within the 2° radius”. But should have been. “a rich mid-level RH (Figs. 14c, e, and g) within the 2° radius”. Under the Analysis relative to the composite TCs section, 3rd paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “some of the similarities of the composite TC cases, yet the RAI’s magnitude”. But should have been some of the similarities of the composite TC cases, yet TC RAI’s magnitude. Under Fig. 14 caption the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Similar to Fig. 10c but for a, h, d MARGE (1986), b, I, p”. But should have been. “Similar to Fig. 10c but for a, h, o MARGE (1986), b, i, p”. Under the Analysis relative to the composite TCs section, 4th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “TC trajectory can also be seen in Figs. 12a.” But should have been. “TC trajectory can also be seen in Fig. 12a.” Under the Analysis relative to the composite TCs section, 4th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Another signal for the remarkable WNPSH is its relationship”. But should have been Another signal for the remarkable westward extension of the WNPSH is its relationship. Under the Analysis relative to the composite TCs section, 5th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Figure 13 shows that TC RAI’s vorticity is greater than the composite TCs.” But should have been. “Figure 13 shows that TC RAI’s circulation is stronger than the composite TCs.” Under the Analysis relative to the composite TCs section, 5th paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “Figure 13 shows that TC RAI’s vorticity is greater than the composite TCs.” But should have been. “Figure 13 shows that TC RAI’s circulation is stronger than the composite TCs.” Under the Summary and conclusions section the following sentence was incorrectly given as “915 hPA” but should have been “915 hPa”. Under the Summary and conclusions section 2nd paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as “+ 0.5 to 1.5°C, during a La Niña Season.” but should have been “+ 0.5 to 1.5°C, during a La Niña season.” Under the Summary and conclusions section 3rd paragraph the following sentence was incorrectly given as the central and Eastern Philippines” but should have been “the central and eastern Philippines”. The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

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