Document Type

Book Chapter

Publication Date

2025

Abstract

This chapter examines the digital diplomatic articulations produced by European states about the Sino-Philippine territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Using social media data from the official accounts of diplomatic missions in the Philippines, this chapter presents data showing that European countries did not engage in concerted action with regard to the conflict between the Philippine and Chinese governments. It is argued that the heterogeneity in their online activities can be explained by the imperative to balance a complex set of priorities, including alignment with the post-World War II rules-based international order or their preference not to antagonize the Chinese government.

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