Spatiotemporal Assessment of PM2.5 Exposure of a High-risk Occupational Group in a Southeast Asian Megacity

Authors

Jarl Tynan Collado, Ateneo de Manila University
Jose Gabriel Abalos, Ateneo de Manila University
Imee de los Reyes, Ateneo de Manila University
Melliza T. Cruz, Ateneo de Manila University
Gabrielle Frances Leung, Ateneo de Manila University
Katrina Abenojar, Ateneo de Manila University
Carlos Rosauro Manalo, Ateneo de Manila University
Bernell Go, Epimetrics Inc.
Christine L. Chan, Ateneo de Manila University
Charlotte Kendra Z. Gotangco, Ateneo de Manila UniversityFollow
James Bernard Simpas, Ateneo de Manila UniversityFollow
Emma E. Porio, Ateneo de Manila UniversityFollow
John Q. Wong, Ateneo de Manila UniversityFollow
Shih Chun Candice Lung, Academia Sinica, Research Center for Environmental Changes
Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza, Ateneo de Manila UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2023

Abstract

Drivers of open-air public utility jeepneys (PUJs) in the Philippines are regularly exposed to severe levels of fine particulate pollution (PM2.5), making them the appropriate sub-population for investigating the health impacts of PM2.5 on populations chronically exposed to these kinds of unique sources. Real-time PM2.5 exposures of PUJ drivers for a high-traffic route in Metro Manila, Philippines were assessed using Academia Sinica-LUNG (AS_LUNG) portable sensing devices. From all 15-second measurements obtained, the mean concentration of PM2.5 is 36.4 µg m–3, seven times greater than the mean annual guideline value (5.0 µg m–3) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Elevated levels of PM2.5 were observed at key transportation microenvironments (TMEs) such as a transport terminal and near a shopping mall. The occurrence of hotspots along the route is mainly attributed to traffic-promoting factors like stoplights and traffic rush hours. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis revealed that the area by the shopping mall had the highest contribution (β = 52 µg m–3) to PUJ driver exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in the country to perform a detailed characterization of the exposure of a high-risk occupational group to PM2.5. These results reveal information that is normally undetected by fixed site monitoring (FSM), underscoring the importance of mobile measurements as a complement to FSM in assessing the exposure of urban populations to air pollution more extensively. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the heavy influence of traffic-promoting factors on air pollution, and the feasibility of high-resolution mobile sensing for quantifying pollution characteristics in rapidly developing nations with unique air pollution sources. Gaps in our knowledge of their health impacts may be closed through quantifying exposure using reliable sensing devices and methods presented in this work.

Recommended Citation

Collado, J.T., Abalos, J.G., de los Reyes, I., Cruz, M.T., Leung, G.F., Abenojar, K., Manalo, C.R., Go, B., Chan, C.L., Gonzales, C.K.G., Simpas, J.B.B., Porio, E.E., Wong, J.Q., Lung, S.C.C., Cambaliza, M.O.L. (2023). Spatiotemporal Assessment of PM2.5 Exposure of a High-risk Occupational Group in a Southeast Asian Megacity. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 23, 220134. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.220134