Chemistry and Sources of Carbohydrates
Document Type
Book Chapter
Publication Date
2025
Abstract
Carbohydrates, initially classified as sugars and nonsugars, are vital compounds with diverse forms. Their sources and classifications are important considerations for formulating balanced diets, especially in aquatic species relying on grains, legumes, and refined products. Maintaining appropriate carbohydrate levels in diets enhances energy availability and correlates with fish health, while imbalances can adversely affect metabolism and overall well-being. Various factors influence carbohydrate utilization, including dietary, biological, and environmental conditions. Carbohydrate digestion involves carbohydrases like amylase, cellulase, chitinase, disaccharidase, lysozyme, and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Though not strictly required in diets, optimal carbohydrate levels offer benefits such as protein and lipid sparing, reduced nitrogen excretion, and improved pellet stability. However, digestibility varies based on composition and source. Techniques like gelatinization of starch enhance digestibility and foster growth in aquatic species. Accurate measurement of carbohydrate content in aquafeeds is essential for aquafeed formulation. Traditional gravimetric methods have limitations in recovering soluble fibers, whereas monomeric component analysis provides a more precise assessment. Employing effective feed processing methods, including physical, thermal, and molecular treatments, significantly enhances carbohydrate utilization. Understanding carbohydrate digestibility and employing effective feed processing methods are vital for optimizing dietary carbohydrate levels in aquafeeds, ensuring nutritional adequacy and fish health. Continued research in this area is essential for refining feeding strategies and advancing sustainable aquaculture practices.
Recommended Citation
Kumar, V., Ragaza, J. A., Mohanta, K., Kumar, S., & Sahu, N. (2025). Chemistry and Sources of Carbohydrates. In V. Kumar (Ed.), Nutrition and Physiology of Fish and Shellfish: Feed Regulation, Metabolism and Digestion (pp. 81-121). Elsevier. https://archium.ateneo.edu/
